#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

// 前置声明，否则会报错，因为下面的友元函数模版中使用了Pair模版
template <typename T1, typename T2>
class Pair;
template <typename T1, typename T2>
ostream &operator<<(ostream &out, const Pair<T1, T2> &p);

template <typename T1, typename T2>
class Pair
{
    // 使用外部实现友元函数的方式，需要添加<>空泛型标识，否则编译器会认为是重复声明
    friend ostream &operator<<<>(ostream &out, const Pair<T1, T2> &p);

private:
    T1 first;
    T2 second;

public:
    Pair(T1 f, T2 s) : first(f), second(s) {}
    T1 getFirst() const { return first; }
    T2 getSecond() const { return second; }
};

template <typename T1, typename T2>
ostream &operator<<(ostream &out, const Pair<T1, T2> &p)
{
    out << p.getFirst() << " " << p.getSecond();
    return out;
}

int main()
{
    Pair<string, int> p1 = Pair<string, int>("x", 20);
    Pair<string, string> p2 = Pair<string, string>("name", "disen");
    // cout << p1 << endl;
    cout << p1 << "," << p2 << endl;
    return 0;
}